What is glycolic acid and what does it do for skin?

Unlock the secret to brighter, smoother skin with powerful glycolic acid benefits.

For the most up-to-date, personalized advice on using glycolic acid in your routine, we recommend consulting with a dermatologist.

Glycolic acid is a powerhouse ingredient in the world of skin care—and for good reason. It is known for its ability to exfoliate, brighten and rejuvenate. Whether you’re looking to treat acne, reduce signs of aging or simply refresh your skin’s texture, glycolic acid might be the ingredient your routine is missing. In this comprehensive guide, we'll delve into what glycolic acid is, how it works its magic on your skin, and how to effectively incorporate it into your routine for noticeable results.

What is glycolic acid?

Glycolic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from sugarcane. It's one of the smallest and most effective AHAs, meaning it can penetrate the skin deeply and quickly. Its job is simple but powerful: exfoliate. As a chemical exfoliant, it encourages the shedding of dead skin cells on the surface of your skin to reveal smoother, healthier-looking skin beneath.

What does glycolic acid do for skin?

At its core, glycolic acid is a chemical exfoliant. Unlike physical exfoliants (like scrubs) that remove dead skin cells through friction, glycolic acid works by dissolving the bonds between dead skin cells. This process exfoliates the skin, stimulates cell turnover and can help improve the overall appearance and texture of your complexion. It can also help unclog pores, fade dark spots and smooth fine lines. But that’s not all. Glycolic acid can also help support better product absorption, which means the rest of your skincare routine works even harder.

Glycolic acid for acne

For those battling breakouts, glycolic acid can be a game-changer. By helping exfoliate the skin, it helps to prevent pores from becoming clogged with dead skin cells and excess oil, which are primary contributors to acne formation. Regular use can help lead to fewer blackheads, whiteheads, and overall clearer skin. It also aids in fading post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots) left behind by past blemishes.

Glycolic acid for anti-aging

One of glycolic acid's most celebrated benefits is its ability to combat signs of aging. By stimulating cell turnover, it helps encourage the production of new, healthy skin cells. This may lead to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improved skin texture, and a more youthful, plump complexion. Furthermore, some studies suggest glycolic acid can boost collagen production, which is crucial for maintaining skin elasticity and firmness.

Glycolic acid for sun damage

Sun exposure can lead to a myriad of skin issues, including sunspots, uneven skin tone, and a rough texture. Glycolic acid can help mitigate the visible effects of sun damage by sloughing off the damaged outer layers of skin. This process can help to lighten hyperpigmentation, improve skin clarity, and promote a more uniform complexion.

Glycolic acid for skin brightening

If your skin looks dull or lackluster, glycolic acid can help restore its glow. By lifting away dead skin and promoting new cell growth, it enhances radiance and clarity. Many people notice brighter, more even skin after just a few weeks of consistent use.

Glycolic acid for textured skin

Uneven skin texture—whether from scarring, enlarged pores, or rough patches—can benefit greatly from glycolic acid. Its exfoliating properties can help smooth the skin’s surface.

Glycolic acid for scalp

Glycolic acid isn’t just for your face—it’s also used in scalp care. When applied to the scalp, glycolic acid can help exfoliate product buildup, dead skin cells and excess oil. This may help promote a cleaner, healthier environment for hair growth. It can be especially beneficial for people with oily or flaky scalps.

Discover our Best Scalp Health Products buying guide for expert recommendations.

How to use glycolic acid?

Start by introducing glycolic acid slowly into your routine—especially if you have sensitive skin. Look for products formulated with lower concentrations (around 5-7%) and increase usage as your skin builds tolerance. Always follow with a broad-spectrum SPF during the day, as glycolic acid can increase sun sensitivity. Avoid mixing glycolic acid with https://www.ulta.com/discover/skin/best-retinol-productsretinol or other strong actives unless advised by a professional, as this can lead to irritation.

How to apply glycolic acid?

The application method depends on the product type. For cleansers, apply to damp skin, gently massage, and rinse. For toners, apply with a cotton pad after cleansing. Serums are typically applied after toning and before moisturizing. Peels will have specific instructions regarding application time and neutralization. Always read and follow the product's instructions carefully.

How often to use glycolic acid?

Start with 1–3 times per week and build up to daily use depending on the product and your skin’s tolerance. Overuse can lead to redness, dryness, or peeling, so it’s important to monitor how your skin reacts and adjust accordingly.

It is always best to consult a dermatologist for specific instructions.

How long does glycolic acid take to work?

Some people notice smoother, brighter skin after just a few uses. However, visible improvements in acne, pigmentation, and fine lines may take longer. Consistency is key—give your skin time to renew.

Types of glycolic acid products

Glycolic acid comes in a variety of formulas to suit different skin types and goals. Here's a breakdown of popular product types:

Glycolic acid cleanser

Perfect for daily use, glycolic acid cleansers gently exfoliate while washing away dirt, oil, and impurities. They're ideal for beginners or those who want mild exfoliation without the extra step.